This equation represents the polar form of a complex number. Unlike a Cartesian Form of a Complex Number, which uses a real component and an imaginary component, the polar form uses an angle, \(\htmlClass{sdt-0000000024}{\theta}\) and a distance \(\htmlClass{sdt-0000000063}{r}\).
| \( Z \) | This symbol represents any given complex number on the complex plane. |
| \( \theta \) | This is a commonly used symbol to represent an angle in mathematics and physics. |
| \( r \) | This is the radius of a circle. The length of a straight line between a given circle's center and its circumference. |
| \( \cos \) | This is the symbol for cosine, a trigonometric function that calculates the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle. |
| \( \sin \) | This is the symbol for sine, is a trigonometric function that represents the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle. |
| \( j \) | This symbol represents the imaginary unit, which is defined as the square root of \(-1\). \( j = \sqrt{-1}\). It is the most fundamental unit in the field of complex numbers, allowing for the expression of numbers that cannot be represented on the real number line. |